Beeswax candles melt at a much
higher, and damaging temperature; beeswax itself only melts 10
degrees hotter but they typically have more temperature raising
additives than paraffin based candles. Colorants and perfumes
can raise the melting point although they apparently don't do so
by much. Metallic chips in candles can get very hot and cause
burns. Stearine is used as a hardener in candles and can raise
the melting point substantially; long burning candles have too
much stearine and will cause harm. The top should always test
candles by dripping wax on the back of the hand. The greater the
height wax is dropped from, the more time it has to cool. Wax
temperature can exceed the melting point if it is not in
equilibrium with solid wax; if you use a pot of some sort to
heat the wax, be very careful about temperature (a thermometer
is a good idea). Taper candles apparently produce hotter wax
than larger and enclosed candles where the wax pools and reaches
equilibrium with the solid paraffin. Avoid areas
with hair - it is hard to remove wax from these areas and you
might permanently remove the hair (although if you use a low
temperature wax and remove the wax with a flea comb you can
probably get away with it). There is a little metal ‘dodad’ at
the bottom of the wick of many candles. If the wax has melted
down to the ‘dodad’ it may fall onto your sub and cause burns.
Removing the ‘dodad’, however, poses a fire hazard. The ‘dodad’
is there partly to hold the wick in place while the candle is
poured but it has another function which is to spread the heat
from the wick and keep the wick from burning down within a
quarter inch of the glass; without it, the glass is likely to
break from the heat; even with it, don't trust glass,
particularly untempered glass, to contain a burning candle.
Mason jars will probably withstand the heat better than many
other jars, since mason jars are intended to be heated, but they
may be exposed to temperatures, and temperature differentials,
beyond what they were designed for. Use of an open flame around
alcohol (as might be used in a scene for its sanitizing,
cooling, and/or stinging properties) can pose a substantial fire
and burn hazard. Candles left unattended (perhaps while you
sleep) can pose a serious fire hazard. At the very least, put
the candle in a metal container. Sir Michael describes in
an article how a pillar candle, which they forgot to
extinguish before going to bed, split down the side exposing
more wick resulting in a larger flame which quickly burned down
to the furniture underneath and set their dungeon on fire
causing $10,000 worth of damage before the smoke detector woke
them up. The area directly over the candle can get hot enough to
ignite even at a considerable distance from the candle; use a
metal baffle, or at least a piece of aluminum foil, if you are
burning a candle without several feet of clearance overhead.
Revised: November 18, 2016